The Importance of Consent in Relation to Adult Nursing Essay

The Importance of Consent in Relation to Adult Nursing - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that while adhering to bioethics of consent, nurses are required to observe the codes of conduct stipulated by the Nursing and Midwifery Council. Nurses are mandated to regard the care of people as their primary concern. In doing so, they must consider patients as being individuals, thus respecting their dignity. Nurses are also expected to involve all relevant parties in their efforts to protect and maintain health while caring for their patients. These include positive interactions with family, doctors and the immediate community. They should also exercise high standards of professionalism concerning nursing. In addition, professional nurses are required to practise openness, honesty and integrity to uphold positive reputation of the nursing profession.This study highlights that  informed consent refers to voluntary permission given by a patient or patient’s official proxy for participation in medical treatment after being informed of the p rocedures, methods and consequences pertaining to the proposed surgical operation. Issues relating to informed consent are thus prevalent in the adult nursing practice where nurses frequently interact with adult patients. Adult nurses are hence required to adhere to the standard procedures of informed consent while administering their services. However, cultural diversity has been identified as the core barrier in the administration of consent.

Is film dead should it be buried in favor of digital film Essay

Is film dead should it be buried in favor of digital film - Essay Example For nearly a century, film has been the leading choice of professionals for capturing images, unraveling a multibillion-dollar industry until 2000. Digital capturing devices got their start in 1969 at Bells Lab with the invention of the charge-coupled device (CCD). The CCD, an invention by George Smith and Willard Boyle, uses an electrical charge to activate pixels when light hit the censors rather than create an image through grain re-arrangement It was not until the Dogme 95 era in the early 1990's that filmmakers saw the potential of digital cinema as a viable form for telling stories. Approximately a decade later, George Lucas and Sony teamed up to create the first professional digital video cameras that offer many of the same features of 35mm motion picture cameras. The release of Star Wars II in 2002 marks the instance in the film history when a one-hundred percent digital production of the film becomes successful, sparking the embracement of digital film revolution. For nearly a decade after 2002, companies such as ARRI, Red, Sony, Canon, and Panavision on digital film have spent billions of dollars on research and development to further the efficiency of digital film cameras. It is a digital millennium. Everything is going digital: cars, houses, computers, everything under the sun is. Just like in every other industry, controversy dominates as to which between the devil we know (old), and the strange angel (new), is the path to maximum achievement and not doom of the film industry. This study will discuss in depth the features of digital film that saw it overtake and kill the film, plus the mileage it has so far gained above it. Color grading This is the process of alteration and enhancement of an image, video, or motion picture to achieve a certain appearance. Digital film allows for capturing and post-editing, making this process much easier as compared to film. According to Paramour Productions, digital shooting allows for post-shoot editing of indiv idual scenes unlike in the film era that supported only two shooting modes: tungsten-balanced and daylight-balanced films. This means color temp fluctuation was very likely, varying as per the available light’s intensity, which meant all the footage needed correction to achieve a white consistent point to start the grading. This further explains why in the film era, a shoot required several rooms with different customizations to achieve variations. However, today, digital filming allows shooting from a single location or prop and with the use of advanced software, allows easy color alteration or grading from just a computer unlike the use of actual rooms, props or scenes to achieve certain effects. In addition, and according to Hoad, Hollywood incorporates much use of digital color grading to achieve extreme special effects impossible with film as it allows for post-production alteration as with the 2000 movie O Brother, Where Art Thou? It is the first filming to be put on a hard drive, allowing for creation of a Digital Intermediate point (DI), from where the editor used â€Å"virtual crayons† to achieve an explosion of special effects. The guardian refers to color grading as an absolute necessity. Distribution, marketing, and exhibition According to Fischer (95), in the year 2000, Hollywood disseminated a full movie, Titan AE via the internet, which it digitized before sending it to its destination,

Culturally competent service Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Culturally competent service - Term Paper Example Most often, patients hesitate to visit a doctor because of economic reason, fear from intimidation of their held health beliefs, values, and culture, distance from the clinic, and language barrier. This scenario challenges the health care system in particular on the role of nurses and doctors who act as the front liners in the delivery of care. Cultural competence had been introduced within the health care system years ago however its core concept seems to be elusive among the health care workers. Reason might be their inadequacy of exposure to the minority groups who are in most cases cannot avail of decent health care. Cultural competence is defined based on the concept of the health belief model, Purnell, and multicultural models. The health belief model postulates that health behavior depends on the influence of the patient’s perception on the seriousness of their health problems. With this, purnell model proposes that nurses must consider the health and disease perception of the patient to adapt care that is in congruent with their culture. The multicultural understanding model also suggests that nurses must possess a greater understanding, appreciation, and sensitivity of the patient’s values, beliefs and culture because they all play a critical role in the delivery of a culturally competent service. Along this line, defining cultural competence is the ability of the nurse to acquire the right attitude, knowledge, and skills necessary to provide a meaningful and quality health care to diverse population. Presentation of Literature Review Health disparities are observable in almost all illnesses among minorities in the United States surrounding the delivery of healthcare. However, it is most pronounced in chronic diseases like cancer. Cervical and breast cancers are among the diseases afflicting the minority groups in this country. Although these diseases are preventable, incidences of cervical cancer among African American women seems to roc k their population with a percentage of 12. 4 per 100,000 which is slightly lower with that of the Hispanic American population (www.cureresearch.com). The reason for this trend points to a disparity in detection of the illness and access to treatment. Although, measures to detect the disease early are available in almost all group of population in the United States, it could hardly be accessed by minority groups who are economically disadvantaged. The failure to seek for Pap test is indicated as the factor for the development of cervical cancer among African American women living in poor areas of the State. It was found out that more than 50% African American women did not have Pap smear for 3 years before they are diagnosed to have cervical cancer. When they are diagnosed, it is already in the advance stage thus having higher mortality rate than white Americans (Hicks et al, 2006). The study of Coker and group (2008) reveals almost similar findings where they also explained in the ir study that black Americans are diagnosed when their illness is in stage 3 or 4 where treatment could be difficult and at times hopeless. Coker and group further presented that black American women who receive treatment includes cheaper chemotherapy and radiation and is less likely to undergo surgery than their white counterparts. This is despite in

Wheelchair Experience Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wheelchair Experience Assignment - Essay Example So I decided to bring him to a mall in his wheelchair and have lunch there at the same time. The first difficulty we had was looking for a space to park our car which had to be somewhat near the entrance. We were fortunate to find a spot very close to the mall entrance, but found it frustrating that there were no ramps to access the curb. I finally rolled my cousin up to the entrance, where a nice young man held the door open for us. Upon entering the mall, my cousin found it somewhat simple to move the wheelchair through the aisles and walkways. Deciding to have lunch, we had to take an elevator to the first floor to get to the food court. We got directions from a store map to find where the elevator was, and we found out it was on a far side of the mall. However, we were pleased that the elevator was quite fast and spacious. After that, we found the entrance to the food court very easily, and my cousin was able to maneuver to the food court by himself. As soon as we arrived at the food court, my cousin commented that the brick flooring made it a quite uneven ride up to the food counters. After selecting a food stall, my cousin was able to hold and stretch for the orders with my help, until it was time to look for a table. My cousin had to let me carry his food to me until I got seated at the table. We finally managed to find an oval table with enough room to get my cousin’s body conveniently level to the table. Eating in the wheelchair appeared fairly alike to eating while in a regular chair, and my cousin shared that it was easy to do so. However, we noticed that he needed to lock the wheelchair in place to keep from rolling away while he ate or stretched for the food. After eating we decided to visit some shops. We went inside several clothing shops, and all three were just about the same in construction. The first shop was the easiest of the stores to maneuver, since there was a

Technical feasibility of using forest biomass for energy Term Paper - 1

Technical feasibility of using forest biomass for energy - Term Paper Example Woody feedstock can be utilized to generate power and useful heat energy. Wood pellets are considered as a renewable energy source as it has low moisture content and give a great amount of thermal energy by a controlled combustion. According to the article â€Å"Wood to Energy: Use of the Forest Biomass for Wood Pellets† (2009), the writer states â€Å"Harvesting debris  or logging residues such as tops, limbs, and roots, and forest understory are promising feedstock alternatives for wood pellets†. Forest’s raw wood and wood from the sustainably managed forests can be utilized to produce wood pellets, which can be burnt on a small or large scale to produce energy (TheBioenergySite.com 2009). In the article â€Å"Sustainable Forest Biomass: Promoting Renewable Energy and Forest Stewardship†, Caputo (2009) writes â€Å"In fact, improved markets for woody biomass have potential to reduce costs associated with hazardous fuels reduction, wildlife habitat man agement, ecosystem restoration, and other proactive stewardship activities† (Caputo 2009). Today the feedstock used for the production of pellets comes from pulpwood chips. Logging residues can be a feedstock for the wood pellets (TheBioenergySite.com 2009). Because the smaller size of a pellet, it can be burnt easily and the residue could be utilized as a fertilizer. The residue which is a charcoal is mixed with soil to increase the water holding capacity of the soil. The produced large amount of energy can be utilized generate large amount power. The main factor that is associated with the wood pallets is that the controlled combustion of the wood pellets costs less as compared to any other conversion. Wood pallets can be gasified to produce synthetic gas which can be a simple process. The wood pallets are heated at a certain temperature. The heating of the wood pallets gives wood gas that is highly combustible gas and is capable of replacing natural gas. The wood gas can be utilized to produce steam in the

Face Negotiation Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Face Negotiation Theory - Essay Example Facework refers to particular non-verbal as well as verbal messages that help in maintaining or re-building the loss of face. Different aspects of the Face-Negotiation Theories Anxiety and uncertainty can result in conflict that brings discomfort. According to Ting-Toomey’s face-negotiation theory, it is mainly based on individualism and collectivism (Ting -Toomey, 2010). Harry Triandis states that three important distinctions between collectivistic and individualistic cultures include the different ways in which members perceive the concepts of goals, self, and duty. More than 60% of the world’s population is born to collectivist cultures such as those in the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Latin America; while the remainder, in nations such as Switzerland and Germany, live in individualist cultures (Ting -Toomey, 2010). For collectivist cultures such as that of Japan, it is presumed that even the decisions made by the citizens on an individual basis end up affecting th e community. This means that it is constructive for the accepted norms of the group to determine individual choices. The Japanese ‘We’ identity is comparable to the ‘I’ identity of the individualistic American society. In the use of meditation methods in the two types of cultures, the mediator encourages antagonists to deal directly with their differences and keeps the conversation focused on the possibility of a final agreement. Ting –Toomey states that in a culture, the citizens who make it up differ in terms of how much they identify with group solidarity or individualistic self-sufficiency. Timing-Toomey uses the terms ‘independent’ as well as ‘interdependent self’ to identify the extent to which a culture’s members view themselves as being autonomous or in relation to others around them. The psychologists Shinobu Kitayama and Hazel Markus refer to this concept as self-image or self-construal (Ting -Toomey, 2010). In seemingly individualistic cultures such as the American culture, there may be certain changes that are noted in different ethnic groups. There are ethnic immigrants, for instance, that still practice collectivist habits and bring up their children in a collectivist culture, and to be highly interdependent. These select immigrant populations also encourage their citizens to engage in self-values that are interdependent and that highlight relational connectedness. It is common for the Western world to regard the maintenance of ‘face’ to be a predominantly Asian preoccupation. However, it is more common in other cultures as well, as it can be said to be a different definition of the self-concept. The Max Plank Institute of Psycholinguistics’ Stephen Levinson and Penelope Brown have defined the concept of ‘face’ as being the public image of self that society’s members wish to claim as being their own (Ting -Toomey, 2010). Lin Yutang, a Taiwane se author, on the other hand, defined face as being a psychological image that can be lost, granted to an individual, and even struggled for (Ting -Toomey, 2010). For Ting-Toomey, the concept of face is simply descriptive of the projective image of an individual’s self in a relational setting. While people in individualistic societies struggle to preserve their own best ‘images’, those in collectivist cultures tend to focus on preserving the good ‘images’ of their fellow man.     

Describe the nature of Scared Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Describe the nature of Scared - Essay Example They developed the existing architecture from a several other nation they conquered including Egypt and improved it with their knowledge so it could fit with their wealth and the rapidly expanding urban population. In the Ottoman Empire, there was also a distinct connection between the nature of architecture and the cultural and religious beliefs and in many ways; the architecture reflected the Islam faith (Saound 2). For instance, Sultan Suleyman designed a mosque that had rooms that were specifically designed to accommodate travelers and strangers, engendering some of the basic tenets of Islamic faith. This paper is aimed at discussing Roman and Ottoman architecture in the periods between the 4th and 17th century in relation the religious significance borne. The designers of the first Roman temples were priest who lead in the practice of rituals in the period around 600-800 BC, at this point, the Romans were not the great nation they were to later become and did not even have an em pire. They would hold rituals aimed at the cultivation of Godly values, family and ordering the life of the society, the rituals would each get the formation of space deemed appropriate for them. With time, the priests would frame the space they needed for their rituals in the abstract; eventually, actual buildings were put up to contain the activities and this morphed into different temples; for different Gods and with different purposes. While Roman architects were expected to be practical in their work, beauty and grandeur were critical aspects of any construction commissioned especially for their Gods and Rulers. This is because the buildings were intended not only for the performance of public functions but also to impress not only the local but also visitors who would spread news of Rome’s grandeur. Gradually, the religious importance attached to Roman temples came to transcend the religions and the deities for whom they were constructed, retrospectively; Romans practic ed a syncretic religion with many gods who had temples dedicated to them. However, when Rome became the headquarters or Christianity in general, and the Catholic Church in particular as it still is, many of the temples were turned into churches and still functional as such to date. One of the greatest works of Roman architecture was the Madison Carree, located in Nimes, France; it was built in the 16 BC, however in the 4th BC when Christianity had entrenched itself in Roman social fiber, it was converted into a church albeit having served as a temple for the early secular Gods. A discussion of Religious architecture, Roman or otherwise, would be incomplete without a mention of the Pantheon; it was and remains one of the most remarkable and well preserved architectural works from ancient Rome. Built in 126BC, it has served as a Roman catholic church since the 7th century; it is made up of a huge Circular portico and there Corinthian columns made of granite three ranks of huge granite Corinthian columns (Moser). Probably the most amazing aspect of the design is the fact that the at the top, the temple is there is a central circular opening known as the Oculus making the temple a huge tourist attraction is even more popular during the rainy weather. Then, visitors can watch the rainfall from the top of the